I often heard more experienced musicians mention the words tonic, mediant, dominant etc. I was very confused by this until I found this and so I decided to share it. If its already been posted please just ignore it, I didn't have time to go back and look through all of the previous posts. I hope that this blesses someone, and if you would like to add something or correct something.....please do so.
Key of C
Tonic 1 : C
C C E G
C C D E G
C B E G
C B D E G
C G C D E
C A G D
C C F Bb Eb
Supertonic 2 : D
D A C F
D A C F E
D Gb A C E
D Gb B C E
D Gb B C E Ab
Mediant 3 : E
E Ab C D G
E Ab Db F
E C E G
E C D E G
E B E G
E B D E G
E G C D E
E E G Bb Db
E E G Bb D
E G Bb D
E F Ab B D
Subdominant 4 : F
F E A C
F F G A C
F A D E
F A D E A C
Dominant 5 : G
G F A C E
G D G B
G E G C
G F G A
G Ab C D F
G B E Ab
G G A B D
G F A Bb D
Submediant 6 : A
A G B C E
A G B D Gb
A G B D Gb A
A G Bb Db E
A B Eb Gb Bb
A C F A
Leading Tone 7 : B
B F A C
B A C E
B D Gb A Db E
B D G B
Key of D
Tonic 1 : D
D D Gb A
D D E Gb A
D Db Gb A
D Db E Gb A
D A D E Gb
D B A E
D D G C F
Supertonic 2 : E
E B D G
E B D G Gb
E Ab B D Gb
E Ab Db D Gb
E Ab Db D Gb Bb
Mediant 3 : F#/Gb
Gb Bb D E A
Gb Bb Eb G
Gb D Gb A
Gb D E Gb A
Gb Db Gb A
Gb Db E Gb A
Gb A D E Gb
Gb Gb A C Eb
Gb Gb A C E
Gb A C E
Gb G Bb Db E
Subdominant 4 : G
G Gb B D
G G A B D
G B E Gb
G B E Gb B D
Dominant 5 : A
A G B D Gb
A E A Db
A Gb A D
A G A B
A Bb D E G
A Db Gb Bb
A A B Db E
A G B C E
Submediant 6 : B
B A Db D Gb
B A Db E Ab
B A Db E Ab B
B A C Eb Gb
B Db F Ab C
B D G B
Leading Tone 7 : C#/Db
Db G B D
Db B D Gb
Db E Ab B Eb Gb
Db E A Db
Key of E
Tonic 1 : E
E E Ab B
E E Gb Ab B
E Eb Ab B
E Eb Gb Ab B
E B E Gb Ab
E Db B Gb
E E A D G
Supertonic 2 : F#/Gb
Gb Db E A
Gb Db E A Ab
Gb Bb Db E Ab
Gb Bb Eb E Ab
Gb Bb Eb E Ab C
Mediant 3 : G#/Ab
Ab C E Gb B
Ab C F A
Ab E Ab B
Ab E Gb Ab B
Ab Eb Ab B
Ab Eb Gb Ab B
Ab B E Gb Ab
Ab Ab B D F
Ab Ab B D Gb
Ab B D Gb
Ab A C Eb Gb
Subdominant 4 : A
A Ab Db E
A A B Db E
A Db Gb Ab
A Db Gb Ab Db E
Dominant 5 : B
B A Db E Ab
B Gb B Eb
B Ab B E
B A B Db
B C E Gb A
B Eb Ab C
B B Db Eb Gb
B A Db D Gb
Submediant 6 : C#/Db
Db B Eb E Ab
Db B Eb Gb Bb
Db B Eb Gb Bb Db
Db B D F Ab
Db Eb G Bb D
Db E A Db
Leading Tone 7 : Eb
Eb A Db E
Eb Db E Ab
Eb Gb Bb Db F Ab
Eb Gb B Eb
Key of F
Tonic 1 : F
F F A C
F F G A C
F E A C
F E G A C
F C F G A
F D C G
F F Bb Eb Ab
Supertonic 2 : G
G D F Bb
G D F Bb A
G B D F A
G B E F A
G B E F A Db
Mediant 3: A
A Db F G C
A Db Gb Bb
A F A C
A F G A C
A E A C
A E G A C
A C F G A
A A C Eb Gb
A A C Eb G
A C Eb G
A Bb Db E G
Subdominant 4 : Bb
Bb A D F
Bb Bb C D F
Bb D G A
Bb D G A D F
Dominant 5 : C
C Bb D F A
C G C E
C A C F
C Bb C D
C Db F G Bb
C E A Db
C C D E G
C Bb D Eb G
Submediant 6 : D
D C E F A
D C E G B
D C E G B D
D C Eb Gb A
D E Ab B Eb
D F Bb D
Leading Tone 7 : E
E Bb D F
E D F A
E G B D Gb A
E G C E
Key of Gb
Tonic 1 : F#/Gb
Gb Gb Bb Db
Gb Gb Ab Bb Db
Gb F Bb Db
Gb F Ab Bb Db
Gb Db Gb Ab Bb
Gb Eb Db Ab
Gb Gb B E A
Supertonic 2 : G#/Ab
Ab Eb Gb B
Ab Eb Gb B Bb
Ab C Eb Gb Bb
Ab C F Gb Bb
Ab C F Gb Bb D
Mediant 3 : A#/Bb
Bb D Gb Ab Db
Bb D G B
Bb Gb Bb Db
Bb Gb Ab Bb Db
Bb F Bb Db
Bb F Ab Bb Db
Bb Db Gb Ab Bb
Bb Bb Db E G
Bb Bb Db E Ab
Bb Db E Ab
Bb B D F Ab
Subdominant 4 : B
B Bb Eb Gb
B B Db Eb Gb
B Eb Ab Bb
B Eb Ab Bb Eb Gb
Dominant 5 : C#/Db
Db B Eb Gb Bb
Db Ab Db F
Db Bb Db Gb
Db B Db Eb
Db D Gb Ab B
Db F Bb D
Db Db Eb F Ab
Db B Eb E Ab
Submediant 6 : D#/Eb
Eb Db F Gb Bb
Eb Db F Ab C
Eb Db F Ab C Eb
Eb Db E G Bb
Eb F A C E
Eb Gb B Eb
Leading Tone 7 : F
F B Eb Gb
F Eb Gb Bb
F Ab C Eb G Bb
F Ab Db F
Key of G
Tonic 1 : G
G G B D
G G A B D
G Gb B D
G Gb A B D
G D G A B
G E D A
G G C F Bb
Supertonic 2 : A
A E G C
A E G C B
A Db E G B
A Db Gb G B
A Db Gb G B Eb
Mediant 3 : B
B Eb G A D
B Eb Ab C
B G B D
B G A B D
B Gb B D
B Gb A B D
B D G A B
B B D F Ab
B B D F A
B D F A
B C Eb Gb A
Subdominant 4 : C
C B E G
C C D E G
C E A B
C E A B E G
Dominant 5 : D
D C E G B
D A D Gb
D B D G
D C D E
D Eb G A C
D Gb B Eb
D D E Gb A
D C E F A
Submediant 6 : E
E D Gb G B
E D Gb A Db
E D Gb A Db E
E D F Ab B
E Gb Bb Db F
E G C E
Leading Tone 7 : F#/Gb
Gb C E G
Gb E G B
Gb A Db E Ab B
Gb A D Gb
Key of Ab
Tonic 1 : AbAb Ab C Eb
Ab Ab Bb C Eb
Ab G C Eb
Ab G Bb C Eb
Ab Eb Ab Bb C
Ab F Eb Bb
Ab Ab Db Gb B
Supertonic 2 : Bb
Bb F Ab Db
Bb F Ab Db C
Bb D F Ab C
Bb D G Ab C
Bb D G Ab C E
Mediant 3 : C
C E Ab Bb Eb
C E A Db
C Ab C Eb
C Ab Bb C Eb
C G C Eb
C G Bb C Eb
C Eb Ab Bb C
C C Eb Gb A
C C Eb Gb Bb
C Eb Gb Bb
C Db E G Bb
Subdominant 4 : Db
Db C F Ab
Db Db Eb F Ab
Db F Bb C
Db F Bb C F Ab
Dominant 5 : Eb
Eb Db F Ab C
Eb Bb Eb G
Eb C Eb Ab
Eb Db Eb F
Eb E Ab Bb Db
Eb G C E
Eb Eb F G Bb
Eb Db F Gb Bb
Submediant 6 : F
F Eb G Ab C
F Eb G Bb D
F Eb G Bb D F
F Eb Gb A C
F G B D Gb
F Ab Db F
Leading Tone 7 : G
G Db F Ab
G F Ab C
G Bb D F A C
G Bb Eb G
Key of A
Tonic 1 : A
A A Db E
A A B Db E
A Ab Db E
A Ab B Db E
A E A B Db
A Gb E B
A A D G C
Supertonic 2 : B
B Gb A D
B Gb A D Db
B Eb Gb A Db
B Eb Ab A Db
B Eb Ab A Db F
Mediant 3 : C#/Db
Db F A B E
Db F Bb D
Db A Db E
Db A B Db E
Db Ab Db E
Db Ab B Db E
Db E A B Db
Db Db E G Bb
Db Db E G B
Db E G B
Db D F Ab B
Subdominant 4 : D
D Db Gb A
D D E Gb A
D Gb B Db
D Gb B Db Gb A
Dominant 5 : E
E D Gb A Db
E B E Ab
E Db E A
E D E Gb
E F A B D
E Ab Db F
E E Gb Ab B
E D Gb G B
Submediant 6 : F#/Gb
Gb E Ab A Db
Gb E Ab B Eb
Gb E Ab B Eb Gb
Gb E G Bb Db
Gb Ab C Eb G
Gb A D Gb
Leading Tone 7 : G#/Ab
Ab D Gb A
Ab Gb A Db
Ab B Eb Gb Bb Db
Ab B E Ab
Key of Bb
Tonic 1 : Bb
Bb Bb D F
Bb Bb C D F
Bb A D F
Bb A C D F
Bb F Bb C D
Bb G F C
Bb Bb Eb Ab Db
Supertonic 2 : C
C G Bb Eb
C G Bb Eb D
C E G Bb D
C E A Bb D
C E A Bb D Gb
Mediant 3 : D
D Gb Bb C F
D Gb B Eb
D Bb D F
D Bb C D F
D A D F
D A C D F
D F Bb C D
D D F Ab B
D D F AbC
D F Ab C
D Eb Gb A C
Subdominant 4 : Eb
Eb D G Bb
Eb Eb F G Bb
Eb G C D
Eb G C D G Bb
Dominant 5 : F
F Eb G Bb D
F C F A
F D F Bb
F Eb F G
F Gb Bb C Eb
F A D Gb
F F G A C
F Eb G Ab C
Submediant 6 : G
G F A Bb D
G F A C E
G F A C E G
G F Ab B D
G A Db E Ab
G Bb Eb G
Leading Tone 7 : A
A Eb G Bb
A G Bb D
A C E G B D
A C F A
Key of B
Tonic 1 : B
B B Eb Gb
B B Db Eb Gb
B Bb Eb Gb
B Bb Db Eb Gb
B Gb B Db Eb
B Ab Gb Db
B B E A D
Supertonic 2 : C#/Db
Db Ab B E
Db Ab B E Eb
Db F Ab B Eb
Db F Bb B Eb
Db F Bb B Eb G
Mediant 3 : D#/Eb
Eb G B Db Gb
Eb G C E
Eb B Eb Gb
Eb B Db Eb Gb
Eb Bb Eb Gb
Eb Bb Db Eb Gb
Eb Gb B Db Eb
Eb Eb Gb A C
Eb Eb Gb A Db
Eb Gb A Db
Eb E G Bb Bb
Subdominant 4 : E
E Eb Ab B
E E Gb Ab B
E Ab Db Eb
E Ab Db Eb Ab B
Dominant 5 : F#/Gb
Gb E Ab B Eb
Gb Db Gb Bb
Gb Eb Gb B
Gb E Gb Ab
Gb G B Db E
Gb Bb Eb G
Gb Gb Ab Bb Db
Gb E Ab A Db
Submediant 6 : G#/Ab
Ab Gb Bb B Eb
Ab Gb Bb Db F
Ab Gb Bb Db F Ab
Ab Gb A C Eb
Ab Bb D F A
Ab B E Ab
Leading Tone 7 : A#/Bb
Bb E Ab B
Bb Ab B Eb
Bb Db F Ab C Eb
Bb Db Gb Bb